The Fourth Part of the World

By Toby Lester
Review by Peter Bradley

In ancient times the Earth, placed at the centre of the cosmos, was known to have three parts: Asia, Europe and Africa. Later, it was assumed that another, fourth, part of the world existed but beyond the known oceans. This book centres on a map that illustrates the world view of German-born Martin Waldseemüller and a group of cartographers and monks in Lorraine, France, published in 1507. Of the 1,000 copies made, all disappeared, until one was rediscovered in 1901.

It would have been so easy for an author to write a technical history of the map and to marvel at its mathematics and cartography. But what is truly remarkable is the way that the author sees beyond the map and ties in the social, cultural and economic developments of mankind from that era. He goes a long way to uncover the mysteries of the Middle Ages, all linked to a developing understanding of the world.

Very early ‘route maps’ of pilgrims’ travels to the Holy Land, the protracted invasion and settlement by the Mongols from the east and the quest of the western civilisation through the likes of Marco Polo to make peace with the great Khans are all covered masterfully by Lester. He also brings to light the many questions about who discovered America, when and how.

This complex book is one of discovery and challenge, uncovering the ambitions, successes and failures of adventurers through the ages. Toby Lester’s writing will appeal to a wide audience but particularly to historians and mariners.

Hardback book
Published by Profile Books
ISBN 9781861978035
Price £25